diff --git a/docs/contributing/testing.md b/docs/contributing/testing.md
index 49175d3..150c4d1 100644
--- a/docs/contributing/testing.md
+++ b/docs/contributing/testing.md
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ ST-BME 的测试是 Node 回归测试（`tests/*.mjs`），`npm run test:stable`
 | 检索/召回 | `p0-regressions` 内相关、`trivial-user-input` | 召回、reroll 复用、注入 |
 | 向量 | `vector-gate` / `vector-connection-probe` / `vector-sync-coalescer` | 向量门禁、连接探测、后台同步合并 |
 | Native | `native-layout-parity` / `native-rollout-matrix` | native/JS 一致性、灰度门控 |
-| 防线 | `index-slicing-ratchet` / `runtime-deps-completeness` | 见下 |
+| 防线 | `index-slicing-ratchet` / `runtime-deps-completeness` / `i18n-user-visible-ratchet` | 见下 |
 
 ## 防线一：禁止切片 index.js（ratchet）
 
@@ -42,6 +42,14 @@ ST-BME 的测试是 Node 回归测试（`tests/*.mjs`），`npm run test:stable`
 
 详见 [`conventions.md`](conventions.md)。
 
+## 防线三：前端 i18n 用户可见文案 ratchet
+
+前端中英 i18n 只翻译 UI，不翻译 prompt、记忆节点、聊天内容或持久化数据。为了避免已迁移 UI 文件重新出现硬编码中文按钮/Toast/confirm，新增：
+
+> `tests/i18n-user-visible-ratchet.mjs` 只扫描已迁移的 UI 文件，拦截明显用户可见模式：`toastr.*("中文")`、`confirm("中文")`、`textContent = "中文"`、`innerHTML` 中的中文按钮、`title/placeholder/aria-label` 中文等。
+
+这不是全仓库中文禁令：中文文档、注释、测试 fixture、prompt/model/data 模块和 `i18n/zh-CN.js` 都不在这条规则里。新增用户可见文案时，应新增 catalog key，并通过 `t("...")` / `data-i18n` / keyed status 渲染。
+
 ## 重要测试文件
 
 - **`tests/p0-regressions.mjs`** — 主回归集合，覆盖提取、召回、恢复、UI 关键路径。
@@ -50,6 +58,7 @@ ST-BME 的测试是 Node 回归测试（`tests/*.mjs`），`npm run test:stable`
 - **`tests/graph-persistence.mjs`** — 图谱持久化基础行为。
 - **`tests/identity-resolver.mjs` / `tests/persistence-reducer.mjs`** — 身份解析核心、持久化 accepted/queued/pending 状态机。
 - **`tests/runtime-deps-completeness.mjs`** — 检查注入式控制器模块的 `runtime.X` 依赖均由对应 builder 提供。
+- **`tests/i18n-user-visible-ratchet.mjs`** — 检查已迁移 UI 文件不新增硬编码中文用户可见文案。
 - **`tests/graph-snapshot-schema.mjs` / `tests/snapshot-forward-compat.mjs`** — 耐久快照契约、宽容解析和真实存储向前兼容往返。
 - **`tests/indexeddb-persistence.mjs`** — IndexedDB 快照、增量提交、hydrate。
 - **`tests/indexeddb-sync.mjs`** — 云端同步与冲突合并。
diff --git a/docs/usage/configuration.en.md b/docs/usage/configuration.en.md
index 8b45ca5..fad3e89 100644
--- a/docs/usage/configuration.en.md
+++ b/docs/usage/configuration.en.md
@@ -4,6 +4,18 @@
 
 This page is split out from the [README](../../README.en.md) as the main ST-BME user configuration reference, preserving setting names, defaults, and tables for quick lookup by feature.
 
+### Interface language
+
+`Interface Language` only affects ST-BME frontend UI: the panel, menu entries, floating button, status messages, Toasts, recall cards, and graph system labels.
+
+Options:
+
+- `Auto`: follows the SillyTavern / browser language when available, otherwise falls back to Chinese.
+- `Simplified Chinese`: forces the Chinese UI.
+- `English`: forces the English UI.
+
+This setting **does not** translate chat content, user input, AI replies, memory nodes, recall injection text, or prompt construction. Switching the interface language does not change the memory graph or model behavior.
+
 ### Memory LLM
 
 The memory LLM is used for:
diff --git a/docs/usage/configuration.md b/docs/usage/configuration.md
index f0026e9..6d745ef 100644
--- a/docs/usage/configuration.md
+++ b/docs/usage/configuration.md
@@ -4,6 +4,18 @@
 
 本文从 [README](../../README.md) 拆出 ST-BME 的主要用户配置说明，保留设置名称、默认值和表格，便于按功能查阅。
 
+### 界面语言
+
+`界面语言` 只影响 ST-BME 前端 UI：面板、菜单入口、悬浮按钮、状态、Toast、召回卡片和图谱系统标签。
+
+可选值：
+
+- `自动`：优先跟随 SillyTavern / 浏览器语言，识别不到时使用中文。
+- `简体中文`：固定中文界面。
+- `English`：固定英文界面。
+
+这个设置**不会**翻译聊天内容、用户输入、AI 回复、记忆节点、召回注入文本或提示词构建。切换语言不会改变记忆图谱和模型行为。
+
 ### 记忆 LLM
 
 记忆 LLM 用于：
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 8800ef1..fe20259 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -33,7 +33,8 @@
     "test:i18n-boundary": "node tests/i18n-boundary.mjs",
     "test:i18n-status": "node tests/i18n-status.mjs",
     "test:ui-label-formatter": "node tests/ui-label-formatter.mjs",
-    "test:i18n": "npm run test:i18n-catalog && npm run test:i18n-dom && npm run test:i18n-boundary && npm run test:i18n-status && npm run test:ui-label-formatter",
+    "test:i18n-ratchet": "node tests/i18n-user-visible-ratchet.mjs",
+    "test:i18n": "npm run test:i18n-catalog && npm run test:i18n-dom && npm run test:i18n-boundary && npm run test:i18n-status && npm run test:ui-label-formatter && npm run test:i18n-ratchet",
     "bench:graph-layout": "node tests/perf/graph-layout-bench.mjs",
     "bench:persist-delta": "node tests/perf/persist-delta-bench.mjs",
     "bench:persist-load": "node tests/perf/persist-load-bench.mjs",
diff --git a/tests/i18n-user-visible-ratchet.mjs b/tests/i18n-user-visible-ratchet.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3ae419
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/i18n-user-visible-ratchet.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
+/**
+ * ST-BME: i18n user-visible ratchet test
+ *
+ * Scans migrated UI files for obvious hardcoded Chinese in user-visible
+ * API surface patterns (toastr, confirm, textContent, innerHTML, template
+ * literals, title, placeholder, aria-label, button HTML) and enforces that
+ * no new regressions are introduced. Comments and t("...") catalog lookups
+ * are explicitly allowed.
+ *
+ * This is a ratchet, not a global ban: it only checks the explicitly-listed
+ * UI files that have been migrated.
+ */
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { readFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+import { dirname, join } from "node:path";
+
+const __dirname = dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+const PROJECT_ROOT = join(__dirname, "..");
+
+// ─── Files to scan ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+const UI_JS_FILES = [
+  "ui/panel-bridge.js",
+  "ui/recall-message-ui.js",
+  "ui/panel-ena-sections.js",
+  "ui/ui-status.js",
+  "ui/history-notice.js",
+  "ui/ui-label-formatter.js",
+  "ui/graph-renderer.js",
+];
+
+const UI_HTML_FILES = [
+  "ui/panel.html",
+];
+
+// ─── Pattern definitions ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/**
+ * Detect CJK Han characters in a string.
+ */
+const CJK_RE = /\p{Script=Han}/u;
+
+/**
+ * Strip JS block and single-line comments from source.
+ * Conservative: removes comment content so Chinese inside comments is not flagged.
+ */
+function stripComments(src) {
+  let result = src.replace(/\/\*[\s\S]*?\*\//g, "");
+  result = result.replace(/\/\/.*$/gm, "");
+  return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Strip t("...") and t('...') catalog call patterns so Chinese inside
+ * i18n lookups is not flagged. Also handles t("key", { params }, { opts }).
+ * Neutralises the string content so CJK regex won't match inside t() args.
+ */
+function stripI18nCalls(src) {
+  let result = src;
+  // Double-quoted t() calls: t("anything", {...}, {...})
+  result = result.replace(
+    /\bt\s*\(\s*"([^"\\]|\\.)*"\s*(?:,\s*\{[^}]*\}\s*)*(?:,\s*\{[^}]*\}\s*)*\)/g,
+    (m) => m.replace(/"/g, "\x00"),
+  );
+  // Single-quoted t() calls: t('anything', {...}, {...})
+  result = result.replace(
+    /\bt\s*\(\s*'([^'\\]|\\.)*'\s*(?:,\s*\{[^}]*\}\s*)*(?:,\s*\{[^}]*\}\s*)*\)/g,
+    (m) => m.replace(/'/g, "\x00"),
+  );
+  return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Known violations baseline: counts of Chinese-containing lines per file
+ * AFTER comments and t() calls are stripped. These represent internal
+ * defaults / fallback labels that route through i18n at runtime.
+ * The ratchet ensures these counts do not increase.
+ */
+const BASELINE = {
+  "ui/panel-bridge.js": 7,       // console.error/warn messages (dev-only, not user-visible)
+  "ui/recall-message-ui.js": 0,  // fully migrated
+  "ui/panel-ena-sections.js": 0, // fully migrated
+  "ui/ui-status.js": 0,          // fully migrated
+  "ui/history-notice.js": 0,     // fully migrated
+  "ui/ui-label-formatter.js": 0,  // fully migrated
+  "ui/graph-renderer.js": 0,     // fully migrated
+};
+
+// ─── Scanning logic ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+function scanFileForUserVisibleChinese(relativePath) {
+  const fullPath = join(PROJECT_ROOT, relativePath);
+  let source;
+  try {
+    source = readFileSync(fullPath, "utf8");
+  } catch {
+    console.warn(`[i18n-ratchet] SKIP — file not found: ${relativePath}`);
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  const stripped = stripComments(source);
+  const safe = stripI18nCalls(stripped);
+  const lines = safe.split("\n");
+  const violations = [];
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
+    const line = lines[i];
+    if (!CJK_RE.test(line)) continue;
+
+    // Skip import lines
+    if (/^\s*import\s/.test(line)) continue;
+
+    // Skip console/debugLog calls (dev-only, not user-visible)
+    if (/console\.(log|error|warn|info|debug)\s*\(/.test(line)) continue;
+    if (/debugLog\s*\(/.test(line)) continue;
+
+    const trimmed = line.trim();
+
+    // ─── User-visible API patterns that SHOULD use t() ────
+
+    // 1. toastr.*() calls with Chinese
+    if (/\btoastr\s*\.\s*(?:success|error|info|warning|notify)\s*\(/.test(trimmed) && CJK_RE.test(line)) {
+      violations.push({ file: relativePath, line: i + 1, kind: "toastr", snippet: trimmed.slice(0, 120) });
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // 2. confirm(...) calls with Chinese
+    if (/\bconfirm\s*\(/.test(trimmed) && CJK_RE.test(line)) {
+      violations.push({ file: relativePath, line: i + 1, kind: "confirm", snippet: trimmed.slice(0, 120) });
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // 3. prompt(...) calls with Chinese
+    if (/\bprompt\s*\(/.test(trimmed) && CJK_RE.test(line)) {
+      violations.push({ file: relativePath, line: i + 1, kind: "prompt", snippet: trimmed.slice(0, 120) });
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // 4. .textContent = with Chinese
+    if (/\.textContent\s*=/.test(trimmed) && CJK_RE.test(line)) {
+      violations.push({ file: relativePath, line: i + 1, kind: "textContent", snippet: trimmed.slice(0, 120) });
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // 5. .innerHTML = with Chinese
+    if (/\.innerHTML\s*=/.test(trimmed) && CJK_RE.test(line)) {
+      violations.push({ file: relativePath, line: i + 1, kind: "innerHTML", snippet: trimmed.slice(0, 120) });
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // 6. .title / .placeholder / .ariaLabel = with Chinese
+    if (/\.(?:title|placeholder|ariaLabel)\s*=/.test(trimmed) && CJK_RE.test(line)) {
+      violations.push({ file: relativePath, line: i + 1, kind: "attribute", snippet: trimmed.slice(0, 120) });
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // 7. setAttribute('title'/'placeholder'/'aria-label', ...) with Chinese
+    if (/\.setAttribute\s*\(\s*["'](?:title|placeholder|aria-label)["']\s*,/.test(trimmed) && CJK_RE.test(line)) {
+      violations.push({ file: relativePath, line: i + 1, kind: "setAttribute", snippet: trimmed.slice(0, 120) });
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // 8. <button> with Chinese text
+    if (/<button[^>]*>.*\p{Script=Han}.*<\/button>/u.test(trimmed)) {
+      violations.push({ file: relativePath, line: i + 1, kind: "button-html", snippet: trimmed.slice(0, 120) });
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // 9. Template literals with Chinese in innerHTML/textContent context
+    if (/`[^`]*\p{Script=Han}[^`]*`/u.test(trimmed)) {
+      if (/\.innerHTML\s*[+=]|\.textContent\s*[+=]|\.innerText\s*[+=]/.test(trimmed)) {
+        violations.push({ file: relativePath, line: i + 1, kind: "template-literal", snippet: trimmed.slice(0, 120) });
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return violations;
+}
+
+function scanHtmlForMissingDataI18n(relativePath) {
+  const fullPath = join(PROJECT_ROOT, relativePath);
+  let source;
+  try {
+    source = readFileSync(fullPath, "utf8");
+  } catch {
+    console.warn(`[i18n-ratchet] SKIP — file not found: ${relativePath}`);
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  const violations = [];
+  const lines = source.split("\n");
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
+    const line = lines[i];
+    if (!CJK_RE.test(line)) continue;
+
+    // Skip lines that already have data-i18n (properly migrated)
+    if (/data-i18n(?:-[a-z-]+)?=/.test(line)) continue;
+
+    // Skip HTML comments
+    if (/^\s*<!--/.test(line.trim())) continue;
+
+    // <button...>Chinese text</button> without data-i18n
+    if (/<button[^>]*>.*\p{Script=Han}.*<\/button>/u.test(line)) {
+      violations.push({ file: relativePath, line: i + 1, kind: "button-html", snippet: line.trim().slice(0, 120) });
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // title="Chinese", placeholder="Chinese", aria-label="Chinese"
+    if (/(?:title|placeholder|aria-label)\s*=\s*["'][^"']*\p{Script=Han}[^"']*["']/u.test(line)) {
+      violations.push({ file: relativePath, line: i + 1, kind: "attribute-chinese", snippet: line.trim().slice(0, 120) });
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // <span>Chinese</span> without data-i18n
+    if (/<span[^>]*>[\s]*\p{Script=Han}[\p{Script=Han}\s\w]*<\/span>/u.test(line) && !/data-i18n/.test(line)) {
+      violations.push({ file: relativePath, line: i + 1, kind: "span-chinese-no-i18n", snippet: line.trim().slice(0, 120) });
+      continue;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return violations;
+}
+
+// ─── Count broad Chinese lines for ratchet ──────────────────────────────────
+
+function countChineseLines(relativePath) {
+  const fullPath = join(PROJECT_ROOT, relativePath);
+  let source;
+  try {
+    source = readFileSync(fullPath, "utf8");
+  } catch {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  const stripped = stripComments(source);
+  const safe = stripI18nCalls(stripped);
+  const lines = safe.split("\n");
+  let count = 0;
+  for (const line of lines) {
+    if (CJK_RE.test(line)) count++;
+  }
+  return count;
+}
+
+// ─── Test execution ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+const allViolations = [];
+let totalFilesScanned = 0;
+
+for (const relPath of UI_JS_FILES) {
+  const violations = scanFileForUserVisibleChinese(relPath);
+  allViolations.push(...violations);
+  totalFilesScanned++;
+}
+
+for (const relPath of UI_HTML_FILES) {
+  const violations = scanHtmlForMissingDataI18n(relPath);
+  allViolations.push(...violations);
+  totalFilesScanned++;
+}
+
+// Group violations by file for reporting
+const violationsByFile = new Map();
+for (const v of allViolations) {
+  if (!violationsByFile.has(v.file)) violationsByFile.set(v.file, []);
+  violationsByFile.get(v.file).push(v);
+}
+
+console.log(`\ni18n user-visible ratchet: scanned ${totalFilesScanned} files`);
+console.log(`  Total user-visible Chinese violations found: ${allViolations.length}`);
+
+if (violationsByFile.size > 0) {
+  for (const [file, vs] of violationsByFile) {
+    console.log(`\n  ${file}:`);
+    for (const v of vs) {
+      console.log(`    L${v.line} [${v.kind}]: ${v.snippet}`);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Broad Chinese line counts (comments + t() calls stripped)
+console.log(`\nBroad Chinese line counts (comments + t() calls stripped):`);
+for (const relPath of UI_JS_FILES) {
+  const count = countChineseLines(relPath);
+  if (count >= 0) {
+    console.log(`  ${relPath}: ${count}`);
+  }
+}
+
+// ─── Assertions ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+// 1. Strict user-visible violations: MUST be zero
+//    toastr, confirm, prompt, textContent, innerHTML, attribute, setAttribute,
+//    button-html, template-literal patterns must use t() lookups.
+const strictKinds = [
+  "toastr", "confirm", "prompt", "textContent", "innerHTML",
+  "attribute", "setAttribute", "button-html", "template-literal",
+];
+
+const strictViolations = allViolations.filter((v) => strictKinds.includes(v.kind));
+
+assert.equal(
+  strictViolations.length,
+  0,
+  `Strict i18n violation(s) found (toastr/confirm/prompt/textContent/innerHTML/attribute/setAttribute/button-html/template-literal must use t()):\n` +
+    strictViolations.map((v) => `  ${v.file}:L${v.line} [${v.kind}]: ${v.snippet}`).join("\n") +
+    "\n\nReplace hardcoded Chinese with t() catalog lookups.",
+);
+
+// 2. Ratchet: total Chinese lines per file must not exceed baseline
+for (const [file, baseline] of Object.entries(BASELINE)) {
+  const current = countChineseLines(file);
+  if (current < 0) continue; // file was skipped
+  assert.ok(
+    current <= baseline,
+    `i18n ratchet violated for ${file}: found ${current} Chinese-containing lines (comments/t() stripped), baseline is ${baseline}. ` +
+      `New hardcoded Chinese must use t() lookups instead.`,
+  );
+}
+
+// 3. panel.html: HTML Chinese content without data-i18n must not grow beyond baseline
+const htmlViolations = allViolations.filter((v) => UI_HTML_FILES.includes(v.file));
+const HTML_BASELINE = 441; // panel.html has substantial unmigrated Chinese text
+assert.ok(
+  htmlViolations.length <= HTML_BASELINE,
+  `panel.html has ${htmlViolations.length} Chinese content lines without data-i18n, expected ≤ ${HTML_BASELINE} (existing baseline):\n` +
+    htmlViolations.map((v) => `  L${v.line} [${v.kind}]: ${v.snippet}`).join("\n"),
+);
+
+console.log("\ni18n user-visible ratchet tests passed");
diff --git a/ui/graph-renderer.js b/ui/graph-renderer.js
index ab3a62a..8be3be2 100644
--- a/ui/graph-renderer.js
+++ b/ui/graph-renderer.js
@@ -978,7 +978,7 @@ export class GraphRenderer {
                 (hasRight ? splitX : W) - pad * 2 - (hasRight ? gutter / 2 : 0),
             ),
             h: Math.max(0, H - pad * 2 - 6),
-            label: '客观层',
+            label: 'Objective Layer',
             labelKey: 'graph.scope.objective',
             tint: 'rgba(26, 35, 50, 0.42)',
             key: 'objective',
@@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@ export class GraphRenderer {
                 y: yTop,
                 w: rightW,
                 h: fullH,
-                label: '用户 POV',
+                label: 'User POV',
                 labelKey: 'graph.scope.userPov',
                 tint: 'rgba(32, 48, 40, 0.42)',
                 key: 'user',
@@ -1048,7 +1048,7 @@ export class GraphRenderer {
                 y: yc,
                 w: rightW,
                 h: ph,
-                label: `角色 POV · ${displayName}`,
+                label: `Character POV · ${displayName}`,
                 labelKey: 'graph.scope.characterPov',
                 labelParams: { name: displayName },
                 tint: 'rgba(55, 42, 28, 0.38)',
@@ -1071,7 +1071,7 @@ export class GraphRenderer {
                 y: uy,
                 w: rightW,
                 h: userStripH,
-                label: '用户 POV',
+                label: 'User POV',
                 labelKey: 'graph.scope.userPov',
                 tint: 'rgba(32, 48, 40, 0.42)',
                 key: 'user',
@@ -1100,12 +1100,12 @@ export class GraphRenderer {
         });
         const panels = [];
         const objectiveRect = makeRect(width * 0.5, height * 0.5, width * 0.82, height * 0.78);
-        panels.push({ ...objectiveRect, label: '客观层', labelKey: 'graph.scope.objective', tint: 'rgba(87, 199, 255, 0.02)', key: 'objective' });
+        panels.push({ ...objectiveRect, label: 'Objective Layer', labelKey: 'graph.scope.objective', tint: 'rgba(87, 199, 255, 0.02)', key: 'objective' });
         for (const n of objective) n.regionRect = objectiveRect;
 
         if (userPov.length) {
             const userRect = makeRect(width * 0.68, height * 0.68, width * 0.44, height * 0.42);
-            panels.push({ ...userRect, label: '用户 POV', labelKey: 'graph.scope.userPov', tint: 'rgba(125, 255, 155, 0.02)', key: 'user' });
+            panels.push({ ...userRect, label: 'User POV', labelKey: 'graph.scope.userPov', tint: 'rgba(125, 255, 155, 0.02)', key: 'user' });
             for (const n of userPov) n.regionRect = userRect;
         }
 
@@ -1121,7 +1121,7 @@ export class GraphRenderer {
             const rect = makeRect(cx, cy, width * 0.34, height * 0.36);
             const key = `char:${owner || 'unknown'}`;
             const displayName = owner || translateUi('graph.scope.unknownCharacter');
-            panels.push({ ...rect, label: `角色 POV · ${displayName}`, labelKey: 'graph.scope.characterPov', labelParams: { name: displayName }, tint: 'rgba(255, 179, 71, 0.02)', key });
+            panels.push({ ...rect, label: `Character POV · ${displayName}`, labelKey: 'graph.scope.characterPov', labelParams: { name: displayName }, tint: 'rgba(255, 179, 71, 0.02)', key });
             for (const n of nodes) n.regionRect = rect;
         });
 
diff --git a/ui/panel.js b/ui/panel.js
index 314f9c5..2a65dd5 100644
--- a/ui/panel.js
+++ b/ui/panel.js
@@ -14342,7 +14342,7 @@ function _refreshRuntimeStatus() {
   const upgradeState = graphPersistence.authorityUpgradeState || {};
   const text = formatUiStatusText(runtimeStatus) || t("status.idle");
   const meta = formatUiStatusMeta(runtimeStatus) || t("status.initial.runtime.detail");
-  const upgradeText = upgradeState.text || graphPersistence.authorityUpgradeText || "";
+  const upgradeText = formatUiStatusText(upgradeState) || graphPersistence.authorityUpgradeText || "";
   const displayMeta = upgradeText ? `${meta} · ${upgradeText}` : meta;
   _setText("bme-status-text", text);
   _setText("bme-status-meta", displayMeta);
diff --git a/ui/ui-status.js b/ui/ui-status.js
index 8c1dbe9..abda38d 100644
--- a/ui/ui-status.js
+++ b/ui/ui-status.js
@@ -21,15 +21,23 @@ export const BATCH_STAGE_SEVERITY = {
 // UI 状态工厂
 // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
 
-export function createUiStatus(text = "待命", meta = "", level = "idle") {
+export function createUiStatus(text = "", meta = "", level = "idle") {
   if (text && typeof text === "object") {
     return createI18nStatus({
       ...(text || {}),
       level: text.level || level || "idle",
     });
   }
+  if (!text && !meta) {
+    return createI18nStatus({
+      textKey: "status.idle",
+      textFallback: "Idle",
+      metaFallback: "",
+      level,
+    });
+  }
   return {
-    text: String(text || "待命"),
+    text: String(text || "Idle"),
     meta: String(meta || ""),
     level,
     updatedAt: Date.now(),
@@ -40,7 +48,7 @@ export function createGraphPersistenceState() {
   return {
     loadState: "no-chat",
     chatId: "",
-    reason: "当前尚未进入聊天",
+    reason: t("status.noChat", {}, { fallback: "No chat is currently open" }),
     attemptIndex: 0,
     revision: 0,
     lastPersistedRevision: 0,
@@ -153,8 +161,8 @@ export function createGraphPersistenceState() {
     authorityDegradedReason: "",
     authorityUpgradeState: createAuthorityUpgradeState(),
     authorityUpgradeMode: "standalone",
-    authorityUpgradeText: "纯前端模式",
-    authorityUpgradeMeta: "未检测到可用服务端增强，BME 将继续本地运行",
+    authorityUpgradeText: "Frontend-only mode",
+    authorityUpgradeMeta: "No server-side enhancement detected; BME will continue running locally",
     authorityUpgradeLevel: "idle",
     authorityUpgradeReady: false,
     authorityMigrationState: "idle",